Even though the development of competition law in the countries of the former Eastern bloc has been based to a significant extent on arrangements existing in the European Union – including the case law of European courts and various instruments developed by the European Commission – numerous substantial differences remain both in regulatory regimes and in ongoing practice among the various countries. This first-ever practical survey of competition law in this region describes applicable regimes in sixteen of these countries, with additional country chapters on Austria and Turkey and a chapter on the role of the Eurasian Economic Commission.

The authors are specialists in competition law, and each is recognized as an expert in his or her country. Each of their chapters describes the competition law and practice of a specific country, and covers such topics as the following:

• applicable laws and regulations & the role of the soft law;
• structure, human resources, and budget of the competition authority;
• scope of powers of the competition authority;
• triggering events and thresholds for merger control regimes;
• substantive tests for merger review;
• rules on anticompetitive agreements;
• assessment of dominance;
• investigations by the competition authorities;
• inter-agency cooperation (internal and international);
• sanctions and remedies (administrative, criminal);
• leniency programs;
• private enforcement;
• special sector rules (e.g., energy, telecommunications); and
• appeal process.